Context
Recently, the Kunming Declaration was adopted by over 100 countries at the ongoing 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity in china.
Key Points of Kunming Declaration
- It requires urgent and integrated action to address biodiversity concerns in all sectors of the global economy but important issues - like funding conservation in poorer countries and committing to biodiversity-friendly supply chains have been left to discuss later.
- It is not a binding international agreement.
- It urges groups to include biodiversity protection in decision-making and to recognize the importance of conservation in protecting human health.
- The theme of the declaration is Ecological Civilization: Building a Shared Future for All Life on Earth represents the results of the high-level segment of Part One of COP15 (Fifteenth Convention for Biodiversity Treaty).
- In recognition of this, nations have pledged to support the development, adoption and implementation of an effective post-2020 program, the Cartagena Protocol on Capacity Building.
- The Protocol seeks to protect biodiversity from the potential dangers posed by mutated organisms caused by modern biotechnology.
- As per the declaration the signatory nations will ensure that the post-pandemic recovery policies, programmes and plans contribute to the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, promoting sustainable and inclusive development.
- The Kunming Declaration acknowledges that the aim of the post-2020 global framework for biodiversity should be to reverse the 2030 ecological losses.
- The proclamation makes a reference to the target '30 by 30 'which is the main proposal discussed in COP15, that would afford 30% of the Earth’s land and oceans protected status by 2030.
- Apart from this, there is also a plan to halve the use of chemicals by agriculture and to stop creating waste in plastic waste.
- The adoption of this declaration will create momentum for a new global biodiversity agreement.
- The declaration is a signal of the political will of all parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity.
Initiative to Conserve Biodiversity Globally
- Biodiversity Agreement: It is an agreement that legally binds biodiversity that has been in effect since 1993,India is part of the summit.
- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora: Provides public, private and non-governmental organizations with information and tools that allow for human development, economic development and conservation to occur together. .
- Global Environment Fund: It is a global non-governmental organization for conservation, research and restoration.
- Global Biodiversity Evaluation: It is an independent, critical, peer-reviewed analysis of current problems, ideas and opinions regarding key aspects of biodiversity.
- The Human and Biosphere Plan: Launched in 1970 and has launched programs and activities that focus on biodiversity and ecosystem services, human impacts on biodiversity, and how biodiversity affects human activities.
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